"Vergil's Empire" is an interpretation of the political thought of Vergil's "Aeneid". The book argues that Vergil presents in the "Aeneid" the theoretical foundations of a new political order, a specific form of world government or universal empire, aimed at solving the problem of the conflict between scientific enlightenment and ancestral religion in the form in which this problem was presented by Lucretius' poem "De Rerum Natura". The book proceeds by a close analysis of the "Aeneid", concentrating on Vergil's response to the physics and psychology of Lucretius' Epicurean doctrine and its political implications. The book has three parts. Part 1, "The Foundations of Carthage and of Rome", discusses Vergil's founding intentions in connection with his portrayal of Carthage and Rome as ideal types of the two alternative foundations of cities, atheistic science and ancestral religion. Part 2, "The Greater Order of Things", proceeds from Vergil's critique of Carthage to his positive teaching on the nature of the well-founded world empire. Part 3, "The Image of Piety", treats Vergil's portrayal of Aeneas's tragic heroism in contrast with the heroism of not only Homer's Achilles and Odysseus but also of Lucretius's Epicurus.