Total hip arthroplasty is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or worn out hip joint is replaced with a prosthetic implant. This surgery is usually performed to resolve a hip fracture or a severe case of arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and traumatic arthritis commonly affect the hip joint. Other conditions that can cause joint failure of the hips include benign and malignant bone tumors, avascular necrosis, protrusio acetabuli, etc. A total hip replacement involves the replacement of the acetabulum and the femoral heal. This is a very common orthopedic procedure. Certain complications may occur after total hip arthroplasty. Dislocation is the chief complication in such surgeries. It may occur due to relaxed soft tissues and incomplete scar formation. Other complications include intraoperative fractures, vein thrombosis, loosening of the prosthesis, osteolysis, metal sensitivity and toxicity, etc. Most of these complications are however infrequent and largely preventable. Employing strategies such as using antibiotics routinely, using improved prosthetic materials and surfaces, etc. can prevent complications from arising. This book explores all the important aspects of total hip arthroplasty in the present day scenario. It strives to provide a fair idea about this operative procedure and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances in its execution. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of orthopedics, this book targets students and professionals.