First Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (born 16 December 1593 - died 25 December 1676), was an English courtier and supporter of the arts. He was a renowned horse breeder, as well as being patron of the playwright Ben Jonson, and the intellectual group known as the Welbeck Circle. Despite spending the then enormous sum of £15,000 entertaining Charles I in 1634, he failed to gain a significant political post. In the early stages of the First English Civil War, he was appointed Royalist Captain-General in Northern England; he financed much of the war effort himself, later claiming this totalled in excess of £1,000,000. After the defeat at Marston Moor in July 1644, a battle fought against his advice, he went into exile in Europe. He returned to England after the 1660 Restoration; although created Duke of Newcastle in 1665, he remained on the fringes of the court, and became critical of Charles II. He died in 1676, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Elaine Walker is a writer and consultant on the horse in cultural history. Her books include Horse (Reaktion), which was chosen for translation by the Kalima Project, and "To Amaze the People with Pleasure and Delight" The Horsemanship Manuals of William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, (Xenophon) which began life as her PhD thesis. She has worked on projects for the Royal Historic Palaces Commission, the Royal Armouries, English Heritage, and Royal Mail, among others. She is currently working on a new book on the horses of the inland waterways, "In Search of the Boat Horse", forthcoming in 2020. Born in Cleveland, Ohio. He first rode at the age of ten while at summer camp, after which he took lessons with such well-known horsemen as Gordon Wright and Morton W. "Cappy" Smith. He rode sales horses for Smith, allowing him to hone his skills on various mounts. In 1941 Steinkraus reached the highest level of equitation competition when he won the ASPCA Maclay Cup in Hunter Seat Equitation and the Good Hands Finals in Saddle Seat Equitation at the National Horse Show. Following his early successes, Steinkraus left to attend Yale University. After his first year of college, he joined the cavalry branch of the Army and was one of the final classes to receive their training on horseback. He was then shipped to Burma during World War II, where he served as part of the 124th Cavalry Regiment from 1943-1945. He then returned to the United States and finished his education at Yale, being graduated in 1949. After college, Steinkraus focused on his riding career, and went on to join the Olympic team at the 1952 Helsinki Games. He also was a true amateur during this time, working as a businessman. Steinkraus retired from international competition at the end of 1972, following the show season, but continued to remain involved in the horse showing industry. This included involvement in the USET, either as president or chairman, from 1972-1992, and as an "Honorary Member" of the FEI Bureau. He also was a television commentator from 1976-1988 and a judge at the 1992 Olympic Games. As of 2008, he was still riding and playing chamber music.