JEAN GADREY is Emeritus Professor of Economics at the University of Lille, France. He is the author of more than 20 books about the economics and socio-economics of services and the new indicators of development. Many of his books have been published not only in French and the English language, but also in Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese and Italian. FLORENCE JANY-CATRICE is Associate Professor in Economics at the University of Lille, France. She is the author and co-author of several books and researches the socioeconomics of labour and employment in the service sector and international