This report details the findings of a survey conducted in the mid-19th century to determine the feasibility of a railroad connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in southern Mexico. It provides a comprehensive overview of the geology, climate, and topography of the region, as well as a discussion of the economic and strategic benefits of such a railroad. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.