A timely and fascinating history of how law rather than war became the norm in settling disputes between nations Since the end of the Second World War, the world has moved from an international system in which war was legal, and accepted as the ultimate arbiter of disputes between nations, to one in which it was not. How did this epochal transformation come about? This remarkable book, which combines political, legal and intellectual history, traces the origins and course of one of the great shifts in the modern world. The pivot of The Internationalists is the Paris Peace Pact of 1928. Spurred by memories of the First World War and driven by the idealism of a small number of statesmen and thinkers, virtually every nation renounced war as a means of international policy. Eleven years later, on the outbreak of the Second World War, the Pact looked like an embarrassing lapse in the serious business of international affairs. That is how historians have seen it ever since. Hathaway and Shapiro show, however, that the Pact shaped a new world order.