The United States and Iran have been estranged for 25 years. They have carried out a mutual process of demonization that is unprecedented in modern history, based on cultural "hot buttons" that have the power to galvanize the populations of both countries. Iranian leaders have characterized the United States as the Great Satan - an evil corruptor that pollutes society and destroys personal morality. American leaders characterize the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran as "Mad Mullahs," wild-eyed and irrational. The Bush administration has accused the Iranians of being part of an "Axis of Evil" on the basis of their alleged support of terrorists, oppression of women and minorities, and development of nuclear weapons. Giving a thorough account of the background of U.S.-Iranian relations, Beeman claims that the current accusations of both Iran and the United States are baseless, consisting largely of public invective and symbolic rhetoric based on each side's mythologies of evil.