This dissertation, "The Effects of Traffic-related Air Pollution on Cognitive Functions and Behavior in Humans: a Systematic Review" by Samantha Kate, Stone, 石敏樂, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Objective To investigate whether traffic pollutants have any effect on human cognitive functions and behavior by performing a systematic review on existing research studies.Methods Research articles were identified through four databases - CINAHL Plus, Academic Search Premier and MEDLINE via EBSCOhost and Pubmed using the online electronic resources of the libraries of the Hong Kong University. A total of 119 articles from Pubmed and 86 articles from EBSCOhost were identified, and 72 and 64 studies after limits were applied. The studies used a variety of measures to assess the effects of traffic-related air pollution and cognitive functions and behaviors in both children and adults.Results There were 19 articles in total in the systematic review - 13 on children (aged from 1- 17 years) and six on adults (aged from 26 - 83.5 years). Data were employed from nine different countries. Although there were some discrepancies in the results, there was evidence of the effects of traffic-related air pollution on the brain. Conclusions The causal relationship between traffic-related air pollution and cognitive decline cannot be clearly determined. The systematic review however, generated evidence to support the hypothesis that traffic-related air pollution may affect cognitive development in children, increase risks of behavioral disorders in both children and adults, and increase the rate of cognitive decline in older adults. As a result, this systematic review suggests that the research findings have important implications in the development of public health policy and practice. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5098854 Subjects: Human behaviorAir - Pollution - Health aspectsCognition