Various studies have been carried out on poverty in Mongolia, by assessing magnitude and determinants of poverty, the effects of the economic transition and natural shocks. However, there is still room to explore the poverty change and its components from static and dynamic perspectives, vulnerability to poverty and its determinants, and the impacts of the current economic policies. This monograph, therefore, considers various aspects of the poverty in Mongolia, including estimations of the actual as well as future-looking poverty, its distributional and growth components, and trade policy impacts on poverty in Mongolia. It provides more up-to-date review of the Mongolian economic growth, income inequality and poverty, using more recent and reliable household data, and should be useful to scholars, policy analysts, and professionals, who are particularly interested in the performances of the Mongolian economy and their latest reviews and analyses.