PHIL RICHARDSON (UK) is a clinical psychologist and qualified as a psychoanalyst with the British Psychoanalytical Society. He is Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Essex and Head of Psychology at the Tavistock & Portman NHS Trust where he is also Director of the Psychotherapy Evaluation Research Unit. HORST KACHELE (Germany) MD is a Specialist in Psychotherapeutic Medicine and a psychoanalyst (IPA). He is full professor and Chair of the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine at Ulm University; he also directs the Centre for Psychotherapy Research in Stuttgart. He is a member of the Society for Psychotherapy Research. CAMILLA RENLUND (Finland) is an Adult Psychiatrist and a member of the research team of the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study, a randomized psychotherapy outcome study. She also works as a psychoanalyst in private practice in Helsinki and is an Associate Member of the Finnish Psycho-Analytical Society.