This dissertation, "Rapid Diagnosis of Isoniazid Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis by High Resolution Melting (HRM) Assay" by Ming-yan, Chan, 陳明恩, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a major infective agent causing human tuberculosis (TB) in the worldwide. Although tuberculosis can be treated by a six-month course of antibiotics, the prevalence of extensively drug-resistance TB (XDR-TB) made the disease becomes a global health problem. In addition to the conventional MTB detection methods, molecular methods become significant in drug resistant MTB detection which can enhance effective drug treatment. In this study, 200 MTB respiratory specimens were collected from patients with suspected tuberculosis in Tuen Mun Hospital in Hong Kong. Based on the culture method as a gold standard for MTB detection, the presence of MTB in clinical samples was determined by IS6110single tube nested real-time PCR. In addition, by using High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis, the presence of mutant type KatG315 gene for detecting isoniazid resistant MTB was determined. Among 66 MTB culture positive samples, 10 samples had positive acid fast bacilli (AFB) smears giving the diagnostic sensitivity 15.1%. IS6110 single tube nested PCR was amplified in 51 specimens giving 77.2% MTB detection sensitivity and 97.8% specificity. Among 51 samples positive for IS6110 PCR, 66.7% showed successful amplification in subsequent KatG-HRM assay. Two samples were confirmed to be isoniazid (INH) resistance in Public Health Laboratory Centre (PHLC). However, there was only one sample showing detectable KatG315 mutation in clinical specimen by using HRM while the other was only detected in the corresponding culture isolate. From the result of this study, single tube nested real-time PCR demonstrated MTB detection in clinical samples and INH resistant strain with KatG315mutationcan be detected by HRM analysis. Early detection of mycobacteria allow earlier treatment of the patient, thus transmission of the disease can be controlled. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4833340 Subjects: Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Diagnosis