This work describes and analyzes the roles that projects play in business. The editors, authors and researchers believe that projects are of significant importance at virtually every level of society, even though companies are the focus of this book. Projects are not merely conspicuous components of businesses, they signal what businesses are all about. These signals come in different forms and have different effects. Thus the various contributions to this book also mirror a kind of uncertainty as to what this phenomenon that is called project is all about. Rather than trying to define it, the editors have opted for the alternative, namely to let some of the variation be replicated in the different contributions.