WILLIAM EASTERLY is Professor of Economics at New York University, joint with Africa House, and Co-Director of NYU's Development Research Institute. He is also a non-resident Fellow of the Center for Global Development and the Brookings Institution in Washington DC, USA KATSUMI HIRANO is the Director-General, Area Studies Center, the Institute of Developing Economies (IDE-JETRO). After completing Master Degree at Waseda University, Japan, he worked for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as Special Assistant at the Embassy of Japan in Zimbabwe, Sasakawa Peace Foundation as Program Officer, and joined IDE in 1991 HIROSHI KATO is Deputy Director, JICA Research Institute. He graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1978 (B. L.). He earned a master's degree in Public Administration from the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, in 1988 MASANOBU KIYOKA is Senior Advisor in rural development and development administration, JICA, Japan. He graduated from Waseda University in1978 (B.A. in economics) SIMEEN MAHMUD is a Research Director, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS). She completed her M.A. in statistics at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh in 1974 and joined BIDS as Staff Demographer the same year. SATO KAN HIROSHI is the Director General, Research Promotion Department, IDE-JETRO, Japan. He is also a senior researcher on development sociology TAKASHI SHIRAISHI taught at the University of Tokyo, Japan (1979-1986), Cornell University (1987-1998) and Kyoto University (1996-2005) and currently serves as President of IDE-JETRO, and Professor and Vice-President at National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) in Tokyo TATSUFUMI YAMAGATA is the Director of the Poverty Alleviation and Social Development Studies Group, Inter-disciplinary Center, the Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO), as well as a professor of the IDE Advanced School. SHAHID YUSUF is Economic Adviser, Development Economics Research Group, The World Bank, holds a Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University, USA and a BA in Economics from Cambridge University. He is the team leader for the World Bank-Japan study on East Asia's Future Economy.