The choice for Bolivia in order to comprehend the politics of social movements in comparison with its counterpart in India has been a deliberate one. The selection of this vast region of the global south is particularly also on purpose for its shared history of colonialism and for - according to many - the still persistent neo-colonialism. Naturally then, the present research undertakes a comparative study of the political process in the two countries, namely Bolivia and India. Within this frame of comparative study of the global south, our primary focus, here, is on the indigenous people of Bolivia and dalits in India - hitherto and continued to be some of the most discriminated and marginalized social groups in the world today. With the advent of neoliberalism since 1980s, both these social groups have resoundingly come across as the most assertive and original political voices in the recent history.