For centuries Muslim countries have cultivated the myth that Jews under their rule enjoyed equality, harmony, and generally positive treatment. But the revelation of relevant documents covering one millennium of history (the 10th to the 20th centuries) tell a different story, one of persecution, pogroms, suffering, and humiliation, which were relieved only when France colonized North Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries. The major landmark of this attitude was manifested in the inferior and humiliating dhimmi status that Jews were subjected to, which dictated that the harsh rules of Muslim supremacy and dhimmi submission be applied to non-Muslims in Islamdom. Raphael Israeli is a professor of Islamic and Chinese history at Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel. "I have myself lived under these horrific conditions. But my grievances against the Muslim world, which I was compelled to leave behind in Fes, Morocco, at age 14, were hard to prove against the fervent denials of the Muslims. The revelation of these documents shows conclusively what the real situation has been, which caused the massive exodus of the Jews of Islamdom when the state of Israel was founded in 1948." This is the author's 57th book. Publisher's website: http: //sbpra.com/RaphaelIsraeli