Diabetes mellitus is a common disorder where the body is no longer able to regulate blood glucose levels correctly owing to defects in insulin secretion or action. While some people require treatment with insulin, many are able to control their diabetes through management of diet. This text provides a review of the dietary management of diabetes. It examines general topics, such as the metabolic principles of nutrition as well as more specific topics, such as nutritional management of diabetic children, pregnant women and the elderly.