Dr Heidi Biseth, is professor of democracy, citizenship and multiculturalism in comparative education at the University of South-Eastern Norway. She has led several international and national research projects on democracy, citizenship and diversity, has worked closely with the Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training on professional development projects in the education sector since 2013, and worked extensively on comparative and international education throughout the world. Dr Biseth is the Editor-in-Chief of the Nordic Journal of Comparative International Education. Dr Bryony Hoskins, is chair professor of comparative social science at the University of Roehampton, London (UK). She has extensive research expertise in education inequality and youth democratic citizenship, and is a prominent expert consultant for UNESCO, UNICEF, World Bank, the UK cabinet office, the European Commission, the Council of Europe, and OECD on topics such as measuring and evaluating active, global, and European citizenship. Dr Hoskins has written numerous publications related to IEA’s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study. Dr Lihong Huang, is a research professor in the Youth Research Unit at Oslo Metropolitan University with extensive research experience in education and survey studies. She was the national research coordinator for Norway for IEA’s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2016, and has significant expertise in the related research methodologies and cross-country quantitative comparative analyses. Dr Huang has written several articles on and related to the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study.