Jan Klabbers has taught international law at the University of Helsinki since 1996, and has held visiting professorships in New York, Geneva and Paris. He was director of the Centre of Excellence in Global Governance Research from 2006 to 2011, and has won a number of awards for excellence in teaching. He received his doctorate from the University of Amsterdam (with distinction), and his main publications include The Concept of Treaty in International Law (1996), An Introduction to International Institutional Law (2nd edition, 2009), Treaty Conflict and the European Union (2008) and, as co-author, The Constitutionalization of International Law (2009). Touko Piiparinen is a research fellow at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs, having worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Centre of Excellence in Global Governance Research from 2009 to 2010. He received his doctorate from the renowned Department of International Politics at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, and is the author of The Transformation of UN Conflict Management (2010). He has written numerous articles on conflict management, the United Nations system, and critical realist methodology in international relations theory.