Brigitte Himpan, Artist Painter, obtained a Master's degree in Fine Arts in 1983 at the University of Paris VIII (France) about the everyday life of the Mauritanian nomads through their usual objects and a post-graduate pre-PhD's degree in Philosophy of Art and Culture in 1986 at the University of Panthéon-Sorbonne Paris I (France) concerning the cultural identity of the Mauritanian nomads. Diane Himpan-Sabatier graduating from the Higher Institute of Management (Paris) in 1994 and the Higher School of Cinema Studies (Paris) in 1996. Himpan-Sabatier is also the author of a post-graduate pre-PhD thesis from the School of International High Studies (Paris). Furthermore, from 1981 to 1992 she spent a total of nine months in Mauritania, during which she got acquainted with and became interested in the Mauritanian culture. Therefore, through extensive research work, she participated in the completion and update of this book.