The two-volume Proceedings set CCIS 1637 and 1638 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Neural Computing for Advanced Applications, NCAA 2022, held in Jinan, China, during July 8–10, 2022.  The 77 papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 205 submissions. These papers were categorized into 10 technical tracks, i.e., neural network theory, and cognitive sciences, machine learning, data mining, data security & privacy protection, and data-driven applications, computational intelligence, nature-inspired optimizers, and their engineering applications, cloud/edge/fog computing, the Internet of Things/Vehicles (IoT/IoV), and their system optimization, control systems, network synchronization, system integration, and industrial artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, neuro-fuzzy systems, decision making, and their applications in management sciences, computer vision, image processing, and theirindustrial applications, natural language processing, machine translation, knowledge graphs, and their applications, Neural computing-based fault diagnosis, fault forecasting, prognostic management, and system modeling, and Spreading dynamics, forecasting, and other intelligent techniques against coronavirus disease (COVID-19).