Umesh P. Agarwal is currently employed as a senior scientist at the Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison WI. In 1979, he received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the Indian Institute of Technology (Kanpur, India). Subsequently, as a postdoctoral fellow, he carried out research at various institutions in England, Germany, and the United States. He has published ~ 100 papers in peer-reviewed journals, written several book chapters, and made significant contributions at national and international conferences/meetings. Rajai H. Atalla received a Ph.D. from the University of Delaware in Chemical Engineering and Chemical Physics. He has served as Professor of Engineering and Chemical Physics at the Institute of Paper Chemistry in Appleton, Wisconsin. In 1989, he became Head of Chemistry and Pulping Research at the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) in Madison, Wisconsin and Adjunct Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin.He has well more than 250 peer-reviewed publications, book chapters, and patents. Akira Isogai graduated from The University of Tokyo in 1980 and received his Ph.D. from its Graduate School of Agriculture in 1985. After a year as a Postdoctoral fellow the Institute of Paper Chemistry, he was appointed Assistant Professor at The University of Tokyo. In 2003 he became Professor in the Department of Biomaterial Sciences at The University of Tokyo. He pioneered the study of nanocelluloses and their TEMPO oxidation beginning in 1995 and is the leading contributor in the field, which is reflected in more than 500 publications and 130 patents. He is president of The Cellulose Society of Japan, an Associate Editor of Cellulose (Springer), and a member of the Advisory Editorial Board of Biomacromolecules (ACS) and other scientific journals.