This text is a compiliation of current test methods used in risk assessment of transgenic plants, and it continues on from volume one. This volume focuses on processes in gene transfer, incorporation of genes and the effects on populations. It is intended to support researchers with an overview of methods available for studying the spread of genes from transgenic plants and the establishment of transgenic genes in non-transgenic plants. It may also be used by biologists working in plant population biology, pollination ecology and genetics. The major processes affecting the fate of genes are covered with emphasis on pollination, gene transfer, and persistence of genes in populations. There are 77 methods described and evaluated with comments on assumtions, restrictions, advantages, applications, and a selection of references. In addition, there is a guide to which method to use, as well as special chapters on genetic engineering techniques, inserted traits and principles for risk assessment of transgenic plants.