The vertebrate animals within the class Mammalia are called mammals. There are around 4,200 different species of mammals. They are characterized by the presence of a neocortex, three middle ear bones, hair and mammary glands. Mammals are adapted for life on land, in the sea, in trees, underground or in the air. They are intelligent animals with large brains, self-awareness, vocalization and organization. They communicate through the processes of scent-marking, singing, ultrasound production, echolocation, etc. Mammals can be solitary and territorial, but can also organize themselves into hierarchies, harems and fission-fusion societies. The studies of all mammals, their ecology, diversity, adaptation and management are under the field of mammalogy. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of mammalogy. It provides comprehensive insights into this vast area of study. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.