Key Concepts in VCE Health & Human Development Units 3&4, 3rd Edition has been updated and revised to address the new VCAA study design which will be implemented for Health & Human Development in 2014. FEATURES: Key Concepts in VCE Health & Human Development Units 3&4, 3rd Edition provides an innovative way of structuring learning by solving key problems: ? How can students of all abilities be engaged and motivated (including the most able students)? ? How can students be best prepared for their exam? ? Updated current real-life case studies and statistics grab students' attention - students remember what they have learnt because the content is of interest to them. ? Integration of studyON throughout text with studyOn icons in minor column of textbook ? Key knowledge points from the VCAA VCE study design are broken down into key concepts - highly stimulating, digestible, lesson-based sections. ? Dedicated key skills sections highlight, explain and apply key skills from the study design. Review questions allow students to apply key skill understanding, and exam questions assess their understanding. ? Updated school assessed Course Work tasks Key Concepts in VCE Health & Human Development Units 3&4, 3rd Edition features eBookPLUS - an electronic version of the textbook and a complimentary set of targeted digital resources. These flexible and engaging ICT activities are available online at the JacarandaPLUS website (www.jacplus.com.au) Your eBookPLUS resources include: ? Additional interactivities to help students understand key concepts and improve engagement ? eLessons featuring video and audio interviews that bring case studies to life ? weblinks to the latest research and information

Table of Contents

About eBookPLUS vi Acknowledgements vii Unit 3 Australia?s health 1 Chapter 1 Health of Australians 2 1.1 Understanding health 4 1.2 Measuring health status 10 1.3 Mortality 13 1.4 Morbidity 18 1.5 Burden of disease 24 1.6 The health status of Australians compared to other developed nations 29 KEY SKILLS Health of Australians 34 Chapter 1 review 36 Chapter 2 The determinants of health 40 2.1 The determinants of health ? an introduction 42 2.2 Biological determinants: body weight, blood pressure and blood cholesterol 45 2.3 Biological determinants: glucose regulation and birth weight 49 2.4 Biological determinants: genetics 52 2.5 Behavioural determinants: drug use 56 2.6 Behavioural determinants: physical activity and diet 62 2.7 Behavioural determinants: sexual behaviours, vaccination status and risk-taking behaviour 65 2.8 Physical environment determinants 69 2.9 Social determinants: socioeconomic status, work and unemployment 76 2.10 Social determinants: social exclusion and isolation 80 2.11 Social determinants: stress and food security 83 2.12 Social determinants: early life experiences and access to health care 86 Chapter 2 review 89 Chapter 3 Variations in health within Australia 94 3.1 Variations in health within Australia 96 3.2 Variations in health status: males and females 104 3.3 Variations in health status: socioeconomic status groups 111 3.4 Variations in health status: rural and remote populations 118 KEY SKILLS Variations in health within Australia 125 Chapter 3 review 130 Chapter 4 The National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs) 132 4.1 National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs) 134 4.2 Obesity 139 4.3 Cardiovascular health 146 4.4 Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions 153 4.5 Injury prevention and control 160 4.6 Mental health 166 4.7 Cancer control 173 4.8 Diabetes mellitus 181 4.9 Asthma 188 4.10 Dementia 194 KEY SKILLS The National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs) 201 Chapter 4 review 202 Chapter 5 Nutrition and the NHPAs 206 5.1 The nutrients and the NHPAs: Carbohydrates (including fibre) and protein 208 5.2 The nutrients and the NHPAs: Fats and water 212 5.3 The nutrients and the NHPAs: Calcium, phosphorus, sodium and vitamin D 216 5.4 The role of nutrients in addressing the NHPAs 219 KEY SKILLS Nutrition and the NHPAs 221 Chapter 5 review 223 Chapter 6 Health care in Australia 226 6.1 Approaches to health care 228 6.2 The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 232 6.3 The role of VicHealth 239 6.4 The federal government?s responsibility for health 243 6.5 State and local governments? responsibility for health 250 6.6 Private health insurance and health system funding 253 6.7 The values that underpin the Australian health system 258 KEY SKILLS Health care in Australia 262 Chapter 6 review 268 Chapter 7 Promoting healthy eating in Australia 270 7.1 The role of governments in promoting healthy eating 272 7.2 Dietary Guidelines and the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating 276 7.3 The role of non-government agencies in providing dietary advice 284 KEY SKILLS Promoting healthy eating in Australia 288 Chapter 7 review 290 UNIT 4 Global health and human development 291 Chapter 8 Global health and human development 292 8.1 Characteristics of developed and developing countries 294 8.2 Classifying countries 299 8.3 Key health indicators in developing countries and Australia 308 8.4 The influence of income and gender equality on health status and human development globally 314 8.5 The influence of peace, political stability and access to health care on health status and human development globally 318 8.6 The influence of education and the physical environment on health status and human development globally 324 8.7 The influence of global marketing on health status and human development globally 330 KEY SKILLS Global health and human development 334 Chapter 8 review 339 Chapter 9 Millennium Development Goals 344 9.1 What are the Millennium Development Goals? 346 9.2 Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 347 9.3 Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education 353 9.4 Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women 357 9.5 Goal 4: Reduce child mortality and Goal 5: Improve maternal health 362 9.6 Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases 371 9.7 Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability 379 9.8 Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development 390 KEY SKILLS Millennium Development Goals 397 Chapter 9 review 402 Chapter 10 Australian and international aid agencies 408 10.1 The interrelationships between health, human development and sustainability 410 10.2 What is aid? 414 10.3 The role of AusAID 416 10.4 The United Nations 426 10.5 World Health Organization (WHO) 435 10.6 Australian NGOs that promote global health and sustainable human development: World Vision 443 10.7 Australian NGOs that promote global health and sustainable human development: Australian Red Cross 446 10.8 Australian NGOs that promote global health and sustainable human development: Tabitha Foundation Australia 449 10.9 Australian NGOs that promote global health and sustainable human development: CARE Australia 452 10.10 Australian NGOs that promote global health and sustainable human development: Oxfam Australia 454 KEY SKILLS Australian and international aid agencies 457 Chapter 10 review 466 Chapter 11 Addressing global health issues 470 11.1 Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries: literacy 472 11.2 Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries: food security 477 11.3 Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries: HIV/AIDS 482 11.4 Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries: malaria 488 11.5 Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries: immunisation 494 11.6 Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries: water and sanitation 499 KEY SKILLS Addressing global health issues 504 Chapter 11 review 512 Index 517