Technological developments and advances in scientific research have enabled the cross-fertilization of scientific disciplines. This book aims to provide readers with the tools necessary to address scientific and technological challenges in astronomy and space exploration. It explores gravity, the structure of the Earth and stars, spectroscopy of molecules, minerals, and stars, in addition to the accretion of stars and exoplanets and identification of Earth-like exoplanets. It also explores topics closer to home, geodesy, climate change, quantum computing and quantum entanglement, electricity in the human body and ground, and plasma as form of matter. Chapters include multiple exercises and advanced computer exercises, enabling readers to better understand and contribute to the resolution of current scientific and technological challenges. The book can serve as a practical guidebook for students studying astronomy and astrophysics, alongside general physics, chemistry and biology modules and multidisciplinary courses in science education. Key Features: • Contains multiple analytic and computational (MATLAB) exercises. • Explores applications related to space discoveries. • Provides an accessible introduction and response to growing Multidisciplinary Science programs. Dr. Luc Thomas Ikelle is a scientist with Imode Energy. He is also currently an adjunct professor in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at Texas A&M University. Previously, he worked at Cray Research Inc. in Minneapolis, developing 3D seismic inversion algorithms for CRAY Y-PM. From 1988 to 1997, he worked as a scientist for Schlumberger Geco-Prakla, Schlumberger Doll Research, and Schlumberger Cambridge Research. From 1997 to 2014, Dr. Ikelle was Robert R. Berg Professor in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at Texas A&M University. He earned a Ph.D. in geophysics and geochemistry from Paris 7 University in France. He received Le Prix de Thesis du CNRS in 1986 for his Ph.D. thesis, an SEG award in 2010 for my contribution to the creation of Geoscientists Without Borders, and a Texas AM University award as an outstanding scientist in 2012. He is a cofounder of Geoscientists Without Borders and of Imode Energy Research, and a member of SEG, AGU, and APS. Dr. Ikelle has worked as a DOE (US Department of Energy) special employer from 2005 to 2012 and was a member of Ultra-Deepwater Advisory Committee (an advisory committee to the Secretary of Energy) from 2005 to 2012.