Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on the Applications of the Mössbauer Effect (ICAME 2011) held in Kobe, Japan, September 25-30, 2011 Y. Yoshida (Ed) Professor Rudolf L. Mössbauer passed away just before this conference on 14 September 2011. At the Opening Ceremony by Dénes Nagy, Chairperson of IBAME, with Yutaka Yoshida, Chairperson of the Organizing Committee, dedicated the conference to the memory of Professor Mössbauer. This volume focuses on the most recent studies on the materials research for the global environment among the usual topics which have been discussed in this long-standing conference series: Advances in Experimental techniques and Methodology, Theories of Hyperfine Interaction, Dynamics, Biological and Medical Application, Chemical Applications, Nanomaterials, Solid State Physic, Earth Science, Mineralogy and Archaeology, Materials Science and Industrial Applications. Prof. W. Keune gave us a keynote lecture on the applications of Mössbauer Spectroscopy in Magnetism. There were both a special session on the Database and the hot topics session on Iron based superconductors. Prof. S. Campbell made concluding remarks. The special papers presented by Profs. C.E. Johnson, I. Nowick, G. Vogl, J.M. Genin, F. E. Wagner, and J. Stevens in Evening session are also included in this volume. Reprint from Hyperfine Interactions