Human reproduction is a form of sexual reproduction, which results in human fertilization, due to sexual intercourse between a man and a woman. Human reproduction begins with copulation, followed by a period of 9-month gestation that lasts until childbirth. During gestation, the fetus grows and develops. While in the uterus, the baby undergoes a zygote stage, embryonic stage and a period characterized by development of all major organs. This can be achieved with the aid of reproductive technology, such as artificial insemination. The field of reproductive technology encompasses all uses of technology in human reproduction such as contraception, assisted reproductive technology and others. Assisted reproductive technology refers to the use of reproductive technology to treat infertility or low fertility. It is effective in individuals suffering from ovulatory disorders. Reproductive analysis enables family planning and monitoring of follicular dynamics, ovarian reserve and semen analysis. Germinal choice technology, artificial wombs, reprogenetics and in vitro parthenogenesis are the reproductive techniques that are undergoing development. An important research direction in reproductive biology is the exploration of same sex procreation. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of reproductive biology. It will also provide interesting topics for research, which interested readers can take up. It aims to equip students and experts with the advanced topics and upcoming concepts in this area.