Extremophiles are life-forms that thrive under some of the harshest conditions found on Earth. This resource provides a detailed overview of the current state of knowledge about this fascinating group of life-forms. Over the course of 11 contributed chapters, 26 experts from around the globe identify known extremophiles, explore their unique ecologies and physiologies, and discuss current and future biotechnological applications. Providing the most up-to-date coverage available of this rapidly advancing field, this book: * Combines the latest research finding with informed speculation about extremophile evolution, ecology, physiology, and genetics * Covers all types of extremophiles, including hyperthermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles, acidophiles, alkaliophiles, and anaerobic extremophiles * Explores current and future industrial applications, such as alkaliophile bioenergetics, metal recovery, and toxic waste disposal