The spectacle of amazing advances in the complex spectrum of the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of gynecological disorders in general and endometriosis in particular provides an exciting venture for all those interested in current trends in gynecology and this is the reason to raison d'etre for this book. Spectacular achievements in the state of the art technology and progressive discoveries such as microRNA etc has impacted all facets of medical disciplines in unraveling molecular mechanisms of diseases including endometriosis. Cognizant of this scenario adorned by the cutting edge of modern technology and its paramount importance in perceptive of the fundamentals of pathogenesis of endometriosis, a common disorder we have dealt with some of the breakthroughs for better comprehension of certain facets that have hitherto remained unclear. Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder which is in fact a global menacing problem. Endometriosis affects more than 10 per cent of women in the reproductive years, with a peak incidence between the ages of 25 and 35. Although fairly common, it can be puzzling as the symptoms vary greatly in their type and severity. It is one of the commonest causes of pelvic pain and infertility in women worldwide. Commonly, several years may elapse before the diagnosis is made. Some women with sinister advanced disease have minimal pain but experience the sudden grief of discovering that they are infertile. It is also a cause of considerable morbidity and needless to reiterate its major impact on public health. We wish all the readers a salubrious journey through this book and if this book succeeds in providing the readers, be they doctors, postgraduate students, physicians or gynecologists, advantageous journey, we will feel a profound sense of satisfaction and achievement of our objectives of writing this. This book acknowledges appreciatively, sincerely and unreservedly all those responsible in one way or another, for stimulating us with their wisdom, experience and expertise.