David M. Smith was appointed Professor of Sociology at Middlesex University in 1992. His early research interests were in Mass Media, Youth Policy, Higher Education Policy and Ethnic Minority rights in Europe. He retired early from teaching and his University Management post in 2006 following serious illness and became Emeritus Professor while continuing his research activities mainly through the Social Policy Research Centre. He is currently in the School of Law. Enid Wistrich was Reader in Politics at Middlesex University when she retired from teaching in 1994. Her original research interests were in London government reorganization, transport policy and politics. She was appointed a Visiting Academic in 1995, and then Visiting Professor of Politics and Public Administration in 1997. David Smith and Enid Wistrich have undertaken research together since 1996 in the fields of immigration, migrants and ethnicity (funded by the European Commission DG V and the European Cultural Foundation), and regional identity in Europe (funded by the James Madison Trust). This work has resulted in a number of books, academic publications and conference papers. Their current research, culminating in this book, has been funded by the James Madison Trust.