Natural language processing (NLP) is a crucial technology in use today, particularly due to the vast and increasing amount of online text that requires comprehension to fully realize its value. Human language technology (HLT) poses a significant challenge for computing, with it requiring advanced NLP and the availability of big data to create large-scale systems and applications. Researching software and systems that bridge the linguistic gap between people and machines requires knowledge of natural language processing (NLP) and computational linguistics (CL), including their application-oriented aspects. This Reprint contains all accepted articles published in the Special Issue "Current Trends in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Human Language Technology (HLT)". The aim of this Special Issue was to focus on technologies for processing human language in the form of text, using natural language processing (NLP) tools and techniques to address the two main challenges: natural language understanding and natural language generation. This Special Issue presents innovative research in the domain of NLP and HLT. It is our hope that the research results will contribute to fostering future research in NLP and inspiring future studies in related fields.