Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni is professor emeritus at the University of Buenos Aires, vice-president of the International Association for Criminal Law, judge of the Supreme Court of the Argentine Republic, and former general director of ILANUD (Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders, San José, Costa Rica). He holds doctorates in judicial and social sciences and honoris causa from the Universities of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain), Macerata (Italy), Rio de Janeiro, and several other universities in Latin America. He has written books on criminal law and articles in specialized reviews, and received the Stockholm Prize in Criminology 2009. Zaffaroni is a member of the Eminent Jurist Panel of the ICJ (International Commission of Jurists). Edmundo Oliveira is professor in criminal law at University of Amazonia, senior jurist, and doctor with a post-doctorate from the Université La Sorbonne, Paris, France. Oliviera is a member of the International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation and the American Society of Criminology, vice-president of the International Society of Criminology, Consultative Agency of the United Nations and the Council of Europe, general rapporteur of the Permanent Committee for Latin America for Revision of Minimum Rules of the United Nations for Treatment of Prisoners, and the former president of the National Council for Criminal and Penitentiary Policy of Brazil. He is a scientific consultant of the European Institute of the United Nations for Prevention and Control of Crime and a researcher in Comparative Criminal Law at the University of Miami Law School.