To commemorate the millennium, the Journal of Accounting and Economics invited nine author-teams to write critical review papers on the major research areas in accounting. In addition, discussants were asked to write reviews of the critiques. The critiques and their reviews were presented at a conference sponsored by the Brattle Group and Irwin/McGraw-Hill in Rochester, USA in April 2000. The authors and discussants then had about ten months to revise their manuscripts before publication in volumes 31-32 of the Journal of Accounting and Economics. This volume provides the reader with a synopsis of the various accounting sub-fields, and also an in-depth analysis of recent controversies. Often critique authors and their discussants express widely divergent opinions. Such disagreement offers an encouraging signal that there remain many interesting, open research questions and that our prominent scholars find these issues exciting. It is hoped that this volume will contribute to further progress in accounting research.