The eastern part of the Mediterranean is witnessing some of the most intriguing, and dangerous events in today's world. It features weak or collapsed states, direct and proxy wars, and a confluence of great power stakes. In recent years a new and significant element has been added to the region's troubled search for equilibrium: the discovery of substantial treasures of offshore energy. These energy discoveries are widely recognized as a game-changer. This volume investigates the extent of this change and the range of its implications. The Eastern Mediterranean has historically been a meeting point of east and west, of the economic north and south and of three major world religions: Christianity, Islam and Judaism. However, this volume proposes to view the Eastern Mediterranean as a separate "new" region, and not as a mere extension of neighboring continents or even of the Middle East. This analytical frame stands at the center of the book.