- Thomas PAINE, born in 1737 in Britain and died in 1809 in the United States, is a famous intellectual, pamphleteer and revolutionary. During his life, he had the British, American and French nationalities. In 1774, he moved to America at the invitation of the American politician, Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), met in London. He is known for his commitment during the American Revolution to the independence of the British presence in North America. He was a staunch defender of the republic and individual freedoms. Likewise, he had defended the cause of black Americans. In 1776, he published his pamphlet "Common Sense." This work was successful. This publication preceded the signing of the American Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776. The first president of the United States, George Washington (1732-1799), as commander of the Continental Army, ordered the reading of Thomas Paine's pamphlets to the soldiers to give them courage. The writings of Thomas Paine and his stances in favor of independence, were welcomed by the American political world, especially George Washington and John Adams. The latter was vice-president from 1789 to 1797, then president of the Union from 1797 to 1801. It is one of the founding fathers of the United States of America. Thomas Paine was the friend and advisor of Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826). He was Secretary of State from 1790 to 1793, Vice President from 1797 to 1801, and President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. From 1792 to 1802, he lived in France and participated in the French Revolution. He even had French citizenship and was elected deputy to the French National Assembly. As such and in 1797, he presented in France his project of the minimum income and free public education. At 72, Thomas Paine died of poverty in the United States. - COMMON SENSE was published in 1776 to encourage the American Revolution and the beginnings of the American nation. It was a success. This pamphlet is an attack and a tirade against the British presence in North America. Political figures George Washington, Benjamin Rush, John Adams, Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Edison were among the adherents to the theses of this book. Common Sense proposes the outline of the constitution of the United States by getting rid of the monarchical idea of divine right. There is also a historical summary of the British monarchy. This book proposes a method of election by ballot to elect the president and the congress.