Over the last two decades, the terms globalization and human resource management have become increasingly present. Although, realistically, both those terms have been present in the business world for a long time, a special attention has been paid to it in recent years.Globalization, as a process of interaction and integration of people, companies and governments of different nations, is a system driven by international trade and investment, with the help of information technology. This process has an impact on the environment, culture, political systems, economic development and prosperity, and human physical well-being in societies around the world. This book will investigate the relationship between globalization and its effects on human resource management, comparing the situation in the regions of the developed world (Canada and the USA) with the regions in transition (Republic of Serbia and Republika Srpska). The book will show that Human Resource Management in the world is a process that is much more mature and advanced compared to human resource management in regions in transition.