Gender gap in tertiary education is an acute and persistent problem in both developed and developing countries where all resources, including natural, financial and mainly human resources should be used effectively. In our book, the author has shown that the roles played by gender in tertiary education can take two main figures including vertical and horizontal gender gap. Furthermore, he highlighted the evidence of vertical and horizontal gender disproportions that exist in tertiary education in Europe and Africa. Finally, the author carried out analysis of some of the root causes of the phenomenon in order to better understand it and to propose solutions that can promote economic growth in developed and developing countries.