Universities, particularly those with a strong research orientation, are being challenged by new developments such as the information technology revolution and the ever-greater complexity of social and scientific problems. Society is making fresh demands on universities, and in response, they are lowering their external walls to collaborate with government and industry. The resulting effects on education, research, and regional economic growth deserve investigation. In order to effectively address the multi-faceted challenges of tomorrow, universities must also lower their internal walls and stimulate close collaboration among disciplines. This book examines the new world facing universities and offers a series of recommendations on how to meet the challenges.