Neurological disorders are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. In other words, they affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, Neuromuscular junction, and muscles. These disorders primarily affect neuron cells and ultimately result in neurodegeneration. Maladies such as stroke, stress, depression, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disorders, brain tumors, and traumatic brain injury are included as some of the most common among them. Owing to their widespread prevalence and consequential physiological and psychological effects, these disorders constitute vital contributors to global morbidity and disability. These disorders encompass the progressive deterioration of neuronal structures within the cerebral region and can markedly impact an individual's capacities pertaining to motor function, cognitive processing, and mental health stability. Drugs used to treat neurological issues are a wide range of medications designed to help manage and alleviate the symptoms of conditions that affect the nervous system. These include conditions such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, migraines, and many more. These medications work in various ways, depending on the disorder they're treating - they might act to decrease inflammation, prevent or reduce the frequency of seizures, slow the progression of degenerative diseases, or manage symptoms such as pain or tremors.
A Drug Delivery System transports therapeutic agents to targeted areas in the body, ensuring optimal concentrations at the site of action while minimizing side effects. By carefully controlling the release rate, dosage, and location of drug administration and ultimately enhance the efficiency and safety of treatment protocols. It encompasses various methods and technologies, ranging from traditional oral and injectable forms to more advanced techniques such as nanoparticles and targeted molecular carriers. The incremental advancements in the treatment of enduring conditions, including neurological disorders, have underscored the necessity for an integrative, multidisciplinary approach to drug delivery. Consequently, this understanding has fostered the formulation of sophisticated strategies aimed at modulating aspects such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, bio-recognition, non-specific toxicity, and the therapeutic efficacy of pharmaceutical agents.
Nanoparticles have been demonstrated to be effective in conveying therapeutic agents to distinct sites within the body utilizing multifaceted techniques. These strategies encompass circumventing the reticuloendothelial system, leveraging the phenomenon of enhanced permeability and retention, and implementing receptor- mediated or target-specific approaches to ensure precise delivery to the intended pathological location.
