1904. Volume One of Six. Creighton writes in the Preface: My aim in this book is to bring together materials for a judgment of the change which came over Europe in the sixteenth century, to which the name of The Reformation is loosely given. I have attempted to do this from a strictly historical point of view, -by which I mean that I have contented myself with watching events and noting the gradual development of affairs. I have taken the history of the Papacy as the central point for my investigation, because it gives the largest opportunity for a survey of European affairs as a whole. Contents: The Rise of Papal Power; The Popes at Avignon; Book I. The Great Schism: Urban VI, Clement VII and the Affairs of Naples; Clement VII, Boniface IX. Religious Movements in Oxford and Paris; Boniface IX, Benedict XIII, Attempts of France to Heal the Schism; Innocent VII, Benedict XIII. Troubles in Italy and France; Gregory XII, Benedict XIII. Negotiations between the Rival Popes; The Council of Pisa; and Alexander V. Book II. The Council of Constance: The Council of Constance and John XXIII; Deposition of John XXIII; and Religious Movements in England and Bohemia. See other titles by this author available from Kessinger Publishing