This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1852 Excerpt: ...48, consisting of rough stones of any kind of stone that can be most readily procured, laid carefully by hand with their broadest faces on the ground; these stones should be not less than 7 inches in depth in the center of the road, gradually diminishing to 3 inches in depth at the sides, and the pavement for their foundation; but of late years it has been found convenient to apply the term to all roads composed of and repaired with broken stones. interstices between them should be carefully filled with stone chippings, so that the upper surface when finished may form a regular curve with a convexity of about 4 inches. The material for forming the surface of the road should then be laid on, forming a uniform coat 6 inches in thickness. For the center portion of the road care should be taken to select a stone which is hard and not friable; granite, whinstone, and the harder lime stones are the best suited for this purpose; and they should be broken into angular fragments, the largest of which should be capable of being passed through a ring 2 inches in diameter. For the sides of the road well-cleansed strong gravel may be used. A good binding of clean gravel perfectly free from earth or clay, about 2 inches in depth, should then be laid over the entire surface of the road. It is better to put only 4 inches of the broken stone at first, and, after this has become consolidated by the traffic, then to lay on the remaining 2 inches, care being taken, however, to fill up any ruts which may have been formed. As much care and attention are required for the economical repair of roads as for their first construction. Particular care should be taken that the side ditches and drains are kept clear and free from any obstruction; ruts, hollows, and inequalities in the ro...