Despite his contemporary legacy as an institutional pioneer, there remain fundamental disagreements concerning Aneurin Bevan’s politics. During times of intense internal Labour Party conflict, Bevan is regularly invoked by different factions to serve different purposes. Some revere him as a pragmatic institution builder, while others emphasise his political radicalism and dedication to socialism. In response, this book takes a new approach by treating Bevan as a political thinker and reconstructing his political thought. This offers an alternative perspective on a complex figure and provides new insight into Bevan’s intellectual development and the ideas that drove his politics – including his analysis of class conflict, his commitment to parliamentary politics, and his outlook on international relations. The book also locates Bevan within the Labour Party’s ideological traditions, highlighting moments of tension and compromise with the core tenets of labourism.