Excerpt from The Dictionary of the Arts, Sciences and Manufactures: Illustrated With Eleven Hundred Engravings The attention of the author of this Dictionary of Arts and Sciences has been directed to three objects. - The first, to explain briefly, but plainly, all the terms used in architecture, civil engineering, practical mechanics, manufacturing processes, the mathematics, the fine arts, and the experimental sciences. The second, to give the origin, properties, and application of all chemical substances; and the third, to record and describe all the apparatus and machines employed in natural philo sophy; and also those numerous inventions and contrivances of a mechanical nature, which our periodicals and galleries of art abound with, but which are known comparatively to a very few persons, though often of the most essential value to the community illustrating each article with wood-cuts, wherever such could in any way Whatever lead to the better understanding of the subject. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.