Excerpt from On the Relation of Fertility in Man to Social Status, and on the Changes in This Relation That Have Taken Place During the Last Fifty Years I took the following characters as measures of poverty and lack of culture, (v) the number of general labourers per 1000 occupied males, and (vi) the number of pawnbrokers, general dealers, etc. Per 1000 occupied males. The proportion of general labourers may be taken as a measure of how far the district is the abode of the lowest class of labour, while many of the pawnbrokers, etc. Are called into being and survive only by illicit forms of trade in the poorer districts, and their presence certainly indicates a high degree of improvidence. I next turned to child labour and determined (vii) the number of boys and girls aged 10 to 14 employed per 100 boys and girls between those ages. Turning now more directly to thriftlessness and poverty, I took out (viii) the number per 100 in each district living more than 2 in a room, and (ix) the number of deaths in each district of children under 1 year per 1000 births. Following up the health conditions, and considering phthisis as a disease which, like infantile mortality, largely marks unhealthy occupations, bad housing and poor general environment, I obtained (x) the deaths from phthisis per of the population. This table, and the other tables of death-rates, were obtained from the Report of the Medical Officer of Health for the County of London and are corrected for institutions, i.e. Deaths occurring in any institution are credited to the proper district and not merely to the district in which the death was registered. To compare this with a disease not a priori so closely related to insanitary conditions and general degeneracy, I selected cancer and obtained (xi) the number of deaths from cancer per of population. Through the kindness of Sir Shirley F. Murphy, Medical Officer of Health for London, I was enabled to proceed farther with the consideration of cancer and obtained (xii) the number of male deaths from cancer per males, and (xiii) the number of female deaths from cancer per females. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.