This textbook provides a theoretical framework for considering past and current developments in research into views of the mind and of learning. Controversial aspects of learning theories are examined, in particular the differing perspectives on the process of knowledge construction. The implications of the various theories for assessment practice are also made explicit. The text illustrates the way different theories lead to particular models of curriculum assessment, using examples from different phases of education. The final part of the book explores learning and assessment processes derived from particular views of learning knowledge. Learners, Learning and Assessment is a Course Reader for The Open University course E836 Learning Curriculum and Assessment.