Excerpt from Interelement Interactions in Phased Arrays: Theory, Methods of Data Analysis, and Theoretical Simulations The two effects above are obviously related, but they are distinct. The first effect describes the interactions between the elements when they are all excited and radiating, and the second describes the interaction of a single radiating element with all the other open-circuited elements. The difference between these two effects can be understood immediately in the case of minimum scattering antennas where the elementary patterns are exactly the free space patterns, but mutual-impedance effects are still present when the array is radiating. Both effects are simply a consequence of the fact that there is electromagnetic radiation everywhere in space, and, therefore, voltages are induced at each element of the phased array. An open-circuited antenna will, in fact, respond to incoming radiation according to its receiving pattern, but it will also immediately reradiate this incoming excitation according to its transmission and scattering patterns. C. The open-circuited scattering matrix of each element that describes the scattered radiation in terms of the incoming radiation has to be known. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.