E Fuat Keyman develops the argument that an expanded understanding of critical theory can act as a first order theorising about the dynamics and structure of the international system. He attempts to put critical social theory into service as theoretical pluralism by discussing and reflecting upon critical discourses of international relations and focusing on both the similarities and differences among them. He then puts them into constructive criticism, and extrapolates important insights from each as necessary components of a more adequate theorisation of international relations. Within this structure Keyman is able to discuss three of the most important concepts in international relations theory: production, state and cultural identity, and to critically analyse the theories of globalisation, state and identity/difference which both inform and constitute the field of critical theory of international relations.