The South African health care system is faced with growing numbers of people diagnosed HIV positive. HIV/Aids reduces productivity which impacts negatively on well-being, wealth creation and the socio-economic environment.This has a carry-through effect on revenue-gathering structures and the funding mechanisms available to deliver future services. Strengthening the health care system means cost containment and improved equity. This book provides an in-depth analysis of issues that prevent policy-makers from utilising mechanisms that define and frame the HIV/Aids problem in a fiscal responsible manner. It draws comparisons between strategies of developed and developing countries and provide benchmarks in dealing with the expanding needs of service delivery. The New Public Management (NPM) movement calls our attention to public-private partnerships (PPP) as a mechanism that brings about fiscal responsibility in that it manages inequities and increases economic growth. The analysis should be useful to professionals in health care, public finance and public administration fields, or anyone who is involved in development projects.