The countries of central and eastern Europe face considerable challenges in their quest to protect both the health and amenity of their populations and their natural resource base; they are facing the need to clean up the legacy of pollution which they have inherited from former regimes, and ensure that the environmental consequences of present day decisions are well understood. Environmental impact assessment is a process which provides decision makers with an indication of the likely environmental consequences of their actions and can play a more proactive role in encouraging the consideration of less damaging alternatives or modifications. With legislation on EIA recently enacted or planned in all the countries addressed here, this volume presents work commissioned by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development to assist investors and regulators in the countries of central and eastern Europe and has been fully updated and reviewed for publication. Each chapter describes the EIA process in one country, and includes translations of the relevant legislation. This text constitutes the second volume in the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development's own Environmental Library.