What do electoral systems say about the move to democratization in Latin America and Africa? Why did no former Soviet states opt for a single member plurality system? How do these choices relate to a country’s political systems? This fully revised third edition examines the six principal types of system currently in use in more than fifty of the world's democracies. Considering the operations and effects of these systems, this book explores the impact of electoral systems on the functioning of democracy, and the interplay between electoral systems and electoral institutions, government stability, and voter engagement. It covers: - A spread of case studies in and beyond Europe - Forms and consequences of electoral reform - ‘Electoral integrity’ and gerrymandering - Expanded coverage of 'contamination' problems with mixed-member systems Clearly structured and incorporating of an array of visual material – including authentic ballot papers, tables and figures – this in-depth study remains the go-to text for students and researchers seeking to understand electoral systems around the world.